Racism

Maybe it Is not painted In such vivid and bright colors, but It Is still here. There are many Instances that have occurred throughout history that we can pick and choose from to show how prejudiced we really are. Novels have also been written discussing the Issue of racial discrimination one In particular highlighting how appalling and immoral It really Is, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee.Our Australian history is not one to be proud of but one of the things that it does well is display to us how deeply ingrained racism s in our beloved country. The indigenous people who formerly had this land to themselves were classified as fauna. This law was only overturned as late as 1967. In the article ‘Lifting the Veil on Our Ingrained Racism' by Sandy Gifford we are provided with multiple examples proving that racism is a part of our national character.As a child she was told that â€Å"Only colored children wear white shoes†, still to this day she has never ow ned a pair of white shoes. This clearly illustrates to us that even though racism may not be something always so evident, It Is something we take In as hillier and never forget, making It a fundamental part of our society. Social cohesion Is something that will help the multi-cultural population of Australia achieve a community that works together and Is accepting of all people.The endeavourer towards social cohesion in Australia will not be smooth or simple. There will be many steps that have to be taken and bridges crossed. Simon Overland in his article†luminous Is the Key to Harmony† presents us with a viewpoint distinctly in favor of social cohesion. He says that â€Å"Social Isolationism and disengagement teeming, from among other things, racism and negative stereotyping, is the real problem†, referring to our incapability to exercise restraint in our assumptions, â€Å"that all Somalis and Muslims have strong links with terrorism†.Embracing the multic ulturalism that we have been provided with In this country is something that will only lead to a more desirable and valuable way of living. In Harper Lee's novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† one of the main themes explored throughout the story Is racism. In the town of Macomb where this novel Is set, racism appears to be as natural as reheating to the people who live there. Harper Lee brings light to the inherent evils of racism basing the novel around an African-American's conviction.Tom Robinson is convicted purely because he is a black man and his accuser is white. The evidence is so powerfully in his favor, that race is clearly the single defining factor in the Jury's decision. â€Å"Tom's death was typical. Typical of a Niger to cut and run. Typical of a insigne's mentality to have no plan, no thought for the future, just run blind first chance he saw', even after the harsh death of Tom Robinson no sympathy is shown awards him and we really see how deeply rooted racism Is in the culture that Harper Lee describes. To Kill a Mockingbird† Is set In the segregated South during the asses. Black people were highly subjugated members of society and continually classed as ‘lesser'. There Is quite a social hierarchy displayed to the reader In this novel with some of the families who have no money or almost anything else, at the very bottom. But even below these families was all of the black community. All blacks were treated poorly. The level of racism demonstrated in the scenes of this novel is sustained simply by the close-mindedness of the people in the town of Macomb.When writing the novel Harper Lee didn't only include characters who were prejudiced and racist. She also included characters such as Attic's who believed that all humans are equal and he passed on this philosophy to his children, Gem and Scout. This in itself is a way to amend the issue of racial discrimination, offering hope for a better world. Parents teaching their children a way of living which includes considering things from other people's perspectives. Oh never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them†, some of the characters in Lee's novel really did have inner strength and moral courage. For humans to live in peace and finally achieve that level respect and understanding we all want so dearly all we need to do is accept everyone including ourselves for who we are. See each and every human being as equal disregarding any other factors and giving them the level of appreciation you yourself would want. Only then will we all be able to live in harmony. Racism Racism has predominately focused itself around the African American population, however, has not been associated with â€Å"white† individuals. There has always been a racial divide between the two groups and this Is evident In bell hooks' article, which illustrates how â€Å"whites† have made their Identity as fear, power and terrorism. This chapter also goes on to discuss how the â€Å"blacks† have experienced different aspects of terrorism by the dominant white society. Due to both white supremacy and white privilege, African Americans were treated extremely poorly as slaves instead of unmans.There was the belief that â€Å"whites† were misusing the power they had, and the misuse of power would lead to negative impacts on the black community. Although the black community adapted to the values and the habits of the â€Å"whites,† they were hoping for the â€Å"whites† to finally get over the need to terrorize their people. In the article, H ooks discusses that even though times have changed, the black population still feels as if they are being terrorized and are rarely close to the â€Å"whites. Through the misuse of power due to the â€Å"whites,† which led to the rejection f the black community by society, it has made the â€Å"blacks† feel the need to give up their Identity and try to fit In with the white society. Hooks goes on to describe a situation that she had encountered when she went to a cultural studies conference. She felt that there was white dominance In the way everything was organized. Wealth her article, Hooks tries to educate people more about the whiteness, so that individuals can move away from the typical race that exists and recognize the confrontation that still exists in order to identify the other skin color.The way whiteness is designed; it brings up different types of stereotypes in the mind of other people in society and gives it a lot of different meanings. She argues that stereotyping is a way of talking negatively about other races and not being racist at the same time. The differences between the â€Å"whites† and â€Å"blacks† is not something that black Individuals have always created but things such as domination, imperialism, colonialism and racist are the many reasons why black Individuals have felt contrary about their own race. Whiteness† to the black community appears to be better than their own color and race.At the beginning of the article, hooks talks about some of the discussions that students were having in the classroom. When these discussions took place, it amazed the â€Å"whites† as they were listening to how the â€Å"blacks† noticed whiteness. The shock after listening to these comments that black individuals were saying goes to show that white students at the time were uneducated about the other races that existed around them. There was also the mint that hooks made stating that whiteness is pre sent without the awareness of blackness.She uses Baldwin notion to support this argument in which he stated that wherever white men go, they take control. The experiences that Hooks encountered herself are outlined within her article The article, Representing Whiteness In the Black Imagination, gives a better understanding of what people thought about the whiteness issue that â€Å"blacks† were facing during the 19th century. Bell hooks has also demonstrated that an Image of white people has been created In he black community because of the things that have happened in the past.This domestic servants, working in white homes, acting as informants, brought knowledge back to segregated communities – details, facts, observations, and psychoanalytic readings of the white other. † The imagination of â€Å"whiteness† has also affected Hooks as an African American. This article targets many of the arguments that have been discussed within the course. Hooks describ es how black females had been differentiated in comparison to white females, from the point of view of a young black male who grew up in a community where black people had been the victim of racism.Even though this article was predominantly about the black community, it also narrows the focus on how females are viewed and essentially victimized. As presented in Frankness's article, there is the understanding that while females had also been victimized due to white racism. Her article mainly focuses on how black and white females are observed in society and how racism shapes white females. Both of the articles have given a distinct and clear understanding of what occurred in the 19th century. Kooks portrays how white people dominated the black community in America. The stereotypes against the â€Å"blacks† can still be seen in our society and Hooks use of personal experiences gives the reader enhanced knowledge about the prejudice they had to go through. Brandenburg being a wh ite feminist also shares her experiences of racism that has helped shape the life of a white woman. Therefore, the power that the white society had certainly made a negative impact on the lives of several â€Å"blacks† and has made it harder for them to accept themselves for whom they are.

Identify the Key Aspects of Current Legislative Requeirments and Code of Practice Relevant to Your Subject and the Type of Oragnisation Within Which You Would Like to Work

IDENTIFY THE KEY ASPECTS OF CURRENT LEGISLATIVE REQUEIRMENTS AND CODE OF PRACTICE RELEVANT TO YOUR SUBJECT AND THE TYPE OF ORAGNISATION WITHIN WHICH YOU WOULD LIKE TO WORK At present there is no specific legalisation related to beauty/ holistic/ wellbeing, it’s self not statutorily regulated. Therapies operate within their own codes of practice which relate to the ethical actions of the therapist in any situation including teaching and sharing the benefits of such therapies through consultation. Aromatherapy and nail treatments teaching though must take into consideration legislation regulating the use of potentially harmful oils and substances: ? Control of substances hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH) ? Good management which help asses risks, implement any measures need to control exposure and establish good working practice. There is however legislation which cross-cut organisations and must be observed regardless of regulation such as: ? Equal opportunities Act ? Data protection Act 2007 Safeguards the fundamental rights of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and its free movement ? Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 ? Protecting others against risks to health and safety in connection with the activity of persons ? Special educational needs and disabilities act 2001 ( an amendment to the Disability discrimination act 1995) ? Making it unlawful to discriminate against disabled persons in employment and the provision of goods and facilities Offering th e holistic and beauty courses means being aware of legislation pecific to the settings which make provision about quality standards, independence, wellbeing and choice relating to the way in which services are delivered. ? Further education training act 2007 ? The health and social care (community health standards) act 2003 ? Our health, our care, our say: a new direction for community services 2006 ? Choosing health: making healthy choices easier 2004 ? FENTO standards for teaching and supporting learning in further education ? Office for standards oin education (OFSTED) ? Employment equality (age) regulations 2006 – vocation training ? Learning and skills act 200

Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris Essay Angina PectorisAngina pectoris is a medical condition that literally means a chokedchest. The victim feels acute pain in his chest for a few seconds, and then itgoes away. This occurs when myocardium cells, the muscle portion of your heart,are temporarily denied oxygen. At this stage they do not die, but maybe weakened. If left untreated and the disease continues, a serious condition known asmyocardial infraction or commonly called a heart attack may occur. This canseverely damage the hearts functionality. Which in turn effects our well being. We should be educated about the risks that go along with our cardiovascularsystem. The most common cause of the condition angina pectoris is overconsumption of cholesterol. This chemical is only needed in minute amounts, butis often eaten in every meal. In the body, cholesterol is responsible for thestability of plasma membranes of cells, and hormones are produced from it. Ifconsumed at higher rate then needed it is stored in the tunica interna, theinnermost layer, of blood vessels. As it is stored it starts to build upeventually clogging the vessel. As a result of this all cells feed by thevessel die because of a lack of oxygen. If this condition is found early, itcan be corrected with surgical procedures or, in some minor cases, correctiveprocedures. Surgical procedures include bypass, laser and balloon surgery. Inbypass surgery a vein is removed from the lower leg and a clogged vessel isworked around. Often in type of surgery the whole mid section of the body iscut and the ribs are pulled back, very painful with a very slow recovery. Somehospitals have now imple mented a new technique where only a small hole is madeand everything is done via a view screen. In balloon surgery a balloon isinserted into the vessel with the clog and is inflated. When this occurs thevessel is damaged, this causes the cells to repair the damage and clear the clog. This is not as successful as other surgery techniques and is often done severaltimes before a positive result is seen. Laser surgery is the most recentdevelopment. Here they use a laser to actually scrape the build up from thevessel. This surgery is one of the most expensive surgeries available today. Corrective procedures include changes in lifestyle. These can include foodintake, exercise, and stress-related issues. Food intake is largely the answerto correcting this situation. As shown above excessive intake of cholesterolcan increase the risk of a heart attack. Coupled with excessive salt intake canproduce another problem known as hypertension or commonly called high bloodpressure. This can further increase the risk of a heart attack since the hearthas to work harder to achieve a homeostatic state. Therefore the heart isworking with less efficiency. For example a runners heart may beat 64 times aminute. A person with hypertension heart rate may be 98. The runners heartis working with more efficiency; therefore it does not need to beat as fast asthe person with hypertension. The person with hypertension has a high heartrate since it cannot pump as much blood per contraction. Exercise is anothercorrective procedure prescribed since it increases cardiovascular fitness. Asseen abo ve, cardiovascular fitness can reduce the risk of heart attacks. Stress-related issues can increase blood pressure for unknown reasons andtherefore can also increase the risk of a heart attack. All these factors caninfluence the health of our cardiovascular system therefore care must be takento ensure proper function. This includes handling stress with care, eating, andexercising right.

Evidence based analysis of an area of professional interest and Essay

Evidence based analysis of an area of professional interest and implications for improving practice - Essay Example This is considered a relevant step since information on this can assist specific authorities, especially the health workers, in providing aid to child bearing and rearing families in every possible aspect to promote the integrity of the basic unit of the community, the family as a whole, especially the children, while practicing their profession. According to research, children who grow up with less attachment with their parents, are neglected, or even abused tend to have negative attitudes toward self, others and life, in general. These suggest the considerable influence of the parents in the current and future conduct of their children (Serketich & Dumas, 1996). Several theorists (e.g., Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, among others), in fact, proposed that proper development in children are attained if parents or their primary caregivers are able to realize their needs in specific stages. Meaning, they are able to keep their children â€Å"safe, secure, and protected† with the right mix of â€Å"disciplining, entertaining, and teaching† and which can only be achieved once proper or good attachment with the child is maintained (Benoit, 2004, p. 541). ... d’s later social and emotional outcome.† Despite these, many question the validity of the existing claims since, according to them, the experience of child bearing and rearing is â€Å"highly individualized† and complicated to create a common ground regarding the concepts surrounding parent and child attachment (Goulet, et al., 1998). Nevertheless, the government continues to use these researches as supporting evidences to public policies such as â€Å"Every Child Matters,† the â€Å"Healthy Child Programme,† as well as the NICE Postnatal Care Guidelines. These policies provide standard procedures for related agencies to implement interventions in the provision of health care and alike to prevent the theory of the Cycle of Deprivation and promote the overall health and well-being of every member of the family, especially the children, to help them reach their full potentials and maximize these for the benefit of the general public. This paper will ex amine five research studies which tackle the importance of parent and child attachment to provide an evidence-based practice in health care. Data Collection As a review of related literature, recent research studies on parent and child attachment were searched to complete the five articles that will be subjected for analysis and examine whether findings can aid in improving practice of health care providers that will pave way to having healthier families with children reaching their fullest potentials. Using the search engines PubMed and MedlinePlus, the articles by Haight, et al., (2003) and Benoit (2004) were chosen with the titles â€Å"Understanding and Supporting Parent -- Child Relationships During Foster Care Visits: Attachment Theory and Research† and â€Å"Infant-Parent Attachment: Definition, Types, Antecedent,

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Corporate finance - Essay Example In this process the underwriter sells the shares of the company at a discount to the senior executives of a third party company in exchange of some future business opportunities or some other benefits that it hopes to receive from that company. How this conflict of interest arises and how it can be solved is discussed in the following pages. When the company goes in for an IPO by using the services of an underwriter in exchange of some fees that the underwriter charges the company is in essence acting as principal and the underwriter is acting as an agent. The problem in a principal agent relationship arises when either the principal or the agent are guided by self interests. The problem is aggravated when there is information asymmetry such that the agent has more information than the principal available with it. In such cases the principal is not sure whether the agent is actually working to serve in the best interest of the Principal. In this particular case for example the agent that is underwriter of the shares, has more information available to it than the company. The investment banker has several interests over here to look into like looking into its own future interests and just to ensure that the company’s share can sell at higher price. Its primary goal is to show the company that it has sold the IPO by the company at a very high price and thus is able to command a huge price tag for its services. The second interest guiding the investment bankers is to open the doors of future business prospects. By the act of spinn ing the investment banker (acting as underwriter) is able to achieve both its objectives. A research into the field by Prof. J. R. Ritter and X. Liu in the year 2009 showed that the IPOs in which spinning was involved in by the investment bankers generated 23% higher first day returns as compared to other IPOs (Liu and Ritter, 2010). Secondly companies of the executives who were offered the shares of the IPO at discount were most likely

Blackhead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blackhead - Essay Example Two of such conditions are mentioned below; tetany and diabetes. Tetany: Calcium ion, Ca+2, is an essential ion in the proper functioning of all cells in the body. Hence, its maintenance in the blood within a narrow range is very important, as both its excess and deficiency can have very unpleasant effects. Normally, it is kept at a concentration of around 10mg/100ml. This is achieved by the antagonistic effect of two hormones; calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland in cases of excess calcium ion concentration in the blood, and so it reduces the concentration by causing increased calcium deposition in the bones, and reducing uptake of the ion by the intestines and the kidneys. On the other hand, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released by the parathyroid glands in cases of a lowering of blood calcium levels from the normal, and so it induces an increased absorption of the ion by the intestines and the kidneys, and an increased decomposition of mineral calcium into the calcium ion by osteoclasts in the b ones, thereby increasing the concentration in the blood and returning it to normal. However, in the condition known as tetany, there is a dramatic decrease in the blood calcium levels, resulting in uncontrolled convulsive contractions of the skeletal muscles. If worsened, tetany can be fatal. Hence, the homeostatic control of calcium levels in the blood is compromised, resulting in dire effects on the body. Diabetes: the blood glucose levels are maintained around a narrow set point of 90mg/100ml. Glucose levels are monitored and controlled with the antagonistic functioning of two hormones, both released by the pancreas; insulin and glucagon. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level by inducing an increased uptake of glucose by the cells, and its conversion to glycogen to be stored in the liver and muscles, a decrease in the conversion of amino acids and fatty acids to glucose, and inhibiting glycogen breakdown in the liver. Glucagon, on the other hand, reduces blood glucose levels by decreasing an uptake of glucose by the cells, so that more glucose is present in the blood, an increase in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and an increased conversion of amino acids and fatty acids into glucose. However, in the condition called diabetes, be it Type1 or Type2, there is a drastic increase in the blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient insulin production by the pancre as (Type1), or a decrease in the response of the target cells to insulin (Type2). Glucose concentration if increased so much that it is secreted by the kidneys in urine, and as excess urine is formed, this leads to dehydration and glucose accumulation in the blood. However, this glucose can not be utilized by the cells for metabolism due

Estoria de Espana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Estoria de Espana - Essay Example Hayden White said the ‘the facts might be truthfully set forth, and the interpretation of them misguided. Or conversely, a given interpretation of events might be suggestive, brilliant, perspicuous, and so on, and still not justified by the facts or square with the story related in the narrative aspect of the discourse.’(White 1987 p.28) When looked at in this light, Rolland Barthes’ statement that historical discourse is essentially a product of ideology. Estoria de Espana, a Spanish historical discourse, reflects the veracity of Barthes’ statement. Alfonso X, also known as El Sabio for the wise, became king of Leon and Castile in the year 1252 until his death in 1284. During his reign he commissioned scholars at the School of Translators to write many works of interest particularly translations of historical works, scientific data and legal cannons. He also commissioned original literary works including the Estoria de Espana which is believed to have commenced in 1260 and was not completed until after Alfonso’s death in 1289. (Weller) The first version of Estora de Espana which was completed in 1270 contained approximately four hundred chapters. The final version approved by Alfonso X contained 612 chapters. (Deyermond, 2001 pp 157-158) The work purports to represent a chronicle of Spanish history from the far reaches of Biblical times to the reign of Alfonso. (Deyermond, 2001) Interspersed in the historical chronology of events are myths as well as legends and historical sources origination from the Greeks. Be that as it may, Estoria de Espana was accepted as the history of Spain until the Modern Age.(Deyermond 2001) Despite the fact that Estoria de Espana purports to be a historical discourse, the sources used in its compilation is evidence easily supportive of Barthes’ contention that a historical discourse is a product of ideology. Even the manner and style of delivery suggest that Barthes is correct. Nancy Joe Dyer

The Various Breeds of Cattle at Brawith Hall Estate Farms Essay

The Various Breeds of Cattle at Brawith Hall Estate Farms - Essay Example It is of great importance to note that, seemingly trivial and innocuous changes to performance practices could lead to the decline of breeds or strains adapted to the specific systems of performance in practice. There also lies in occurrence the inhibition of growth and development of the livestock at Brawith hall Estate Farms, Parasitic worms. Parasitic worms spend some, or rather most of their time living and feeding in a live host. This is when they cause the most damage to livestock. So far, resistance in cattle worms is respectively uncommon, although there exist viable indications that at some point, there would arise a problem. Producers should not be lulled into thinking it will not happen, as it probably will. Fortunately, through better grazing management, as those, which ought to be established by Brawith hall Estate Farms, and the use of effective chemical treatments, the costs on performance can be respectively minimized. It may be realized that adult cattle could obtain resistance to most of these parasites, the majority of them, except the liver fluke, so treatment usually focuses on the young stock, particularly during their first grazing season when they are most at risk (Wood, 2009, 87). Focusing on the Liver Fluke, it is being categorized amongst the most destructive parasite that attacks livestock: not only in Europe but also across the world. Brawith hall Estate Farms should practice yearling, and adult cattle should be treated after housing. Pesticides and other repulsive measures, inclusive of various chemical products tend to vary in their ability to kill immature larvae, and the timing for use is specific to the product being used (Kahrs, 2004, 121). Animals kept outdoors may require additional treatments, depending on the fluke risk. Given the resistance issues, emerging with the flukicide triclabendazole it is important to limit the use of this product. Use an alternative product for treating mature fluke in cattle. Other basic tactic s to curb the menace are readily available, and may not necessarily require any sort of major investment to the harbor. These measures include keeping stock off wet areas, which harbor the mud snail could help reduce the incidence of disease. A similar procedure, which would aid the process of nurturing the livestock at Brawith hall, is that all cattle should be dosed at the rate recommended for the heaviest animal in the group. Weighing two or three of the biggest animals and taking an average will give the most accurate guideline. If the weight range is such that the lightest animal might receive more than a double dose, divide the group into two, and calculate a dose rate for each, based on the heaviest animal in each sub-group. Inappropriate methods, such as under-dosing, using faulty dosing equipment, or treating in inappropriate conditions, can encourage wormer resistance to develop. This is because worms with some resistance to the product can survive a lower dose treatment, where a full dose would have killed them. It is rather conclusive to state that, use of wormers, should be put in place, only when it is very necessary. There occurs a trade-off between tolerating some level of worms on the farm and minimizing potential selection for wormer resistance.

Paper1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paper1 - Essay Example This is evident in the universal consent from bishops to the faithful highlighting concerns depicting of faith and morals (Ratzinger 60). Theology is inseparable from church because it plays a significant role in fulfilling the desire of God in reaching out to every individual by providing a deeper understanding of his word (Ratzinger 65). Theological science seeks to comprehend faith especially God and his salvation plan. Despite the challenges faced by theology due to the dynamic society, it has tried to live up with the pace bearing in mind delivering the truth as evident in the inspired scriptures. It is true that man is ignorant about his real nature, and God’s plan (Ratzinger 65). Theology is very crucial to churches because understanding the bible needs research and consultation. The contribution of the theological field cannot be underestimated because it sets the stage for growth and progress. Ratzinger, Joseph. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. May 24, 1990. Web. 31st January 2012

Self Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Study - Essay Example The importance of self-study cannot be undermined as Shakespeare said† to thine own self be true†. There is a gem of wisdom behind that line since self-study reveals the foundations of a person’s character, values as well as environmental factors that have greatly influenced her perspectives in life. The following is an excerpt of an interview of myself done by my colleague. Mass media often plays a significant role in disseminating information to society. When asked about my favorite TV shows, books, and characters I replied that I loved watching TV shows like â€Å" Sesame Street, Mister Rogers Neighborhood Wonder Woman, Incredible Hulk and the Jefferson’s† as a child. Of course, there were many wholesome shows then but the aforementioned really suited my taste. The books I have read were â€Å"Mice and Men† George Orville, 1984, and Aesop’s fables. I loved these stories since they were filled with Fairy Tales, morals, and mythology. In fact, my favorite characters were the Tortoise and the Hare. I realized a valuable lesson from the slow tortoise: plodding along with determination will get me to where I want to be if I never give up. Until today, I kept that lesson in mind and use it whenever situations are difficult, I persevere until the end. Another character I liked was Elmo. Until today, I am not certain whether Elmo is male or female, but I do think he is male. The lessons I learned from Elmo were creativity, tolerance, optimism, and the opportunity for simple pleasures. Although the media influences children’s minds, it cannot be denied that parent’s are the primary role models for a growing child. According to Santrock (1994) : †The information that surrounds the child and which is internalized comes to the child within the family arena through parent-child interactions, role modeling,

High School vs. College Essay Example for Free

High School vs. College Essay High school and college are similar in some ways and different in a lot of ways. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, home work, take test, and study hard. They are different in such ways that we can have cell phones in class, walk out of class, wear anything to class, and the thing that sets it off is living on campus. I don’t know if my college experience will match up to my high school experience but, we shall see. I will compare and contrast high school and college. I use to drive to high school. For some reason South Carolina State University will not let freshman drive their first semester. I use to drive ten to fifteen minutes to get to school, now it’s about one hour and a half. So instead of doing that everything, I stay on campus and walk to class. I must admit that I didn’t think it would be difficult at first but, it is. I hate relying on someone else to take me to Wal-Mart. That’s one thing that’s different about the two subjects at hand. And the way they’re similar is that I didn’t drive as a freshman in high school. In high school, there was a lot of freedom. We got to change classes on our own, the classes were mixed up with students in different grades, and we didn’t have to walk in a single or double filed line. In college, you don’t even have to go to class. Although it would be wise, too. In high school if you miss a day in class, the teacher would call home. In college, they don’t call anybody, not unless their name is Mrs. Pinson. In high school, I lived with my mother. In college, I live with a roommate. Technically , I’m out on my own but, my mother is paying for my education and family is putting money in my pockets. I was always curious to know what it’d be like to get out on my own. I must say, I’m one step closer. Now that I’m in college, I wish we stayed in dorms in high school. If that would have went down in high school though, there probably wouldn’t be any need to go off to far away colleges. So to sum everything up, I can’t drive, there is a lot more freedom, and I don’t stay in my mother’s house any more. I drove, had freedom but not this much, and I stayed with my mother in high school. Some things that were similar are the work, tests, quizzes, and studying. Those are some things that I chose to compare and contrast on high school versus college.

Nasa Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Nasa Research Paper Essay The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, more commonly known as N. A. S. A, was started after the Soviet Union sent a satellite named Sputnik into space the year before. They are a government agency in the United States of America that has taken on the task of researching science and technology related to space and air [1]. NASA has gone from one amazing accomplishment to another year after year since the space race. NASA’s goal is â€Å"to reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind†[1]. For over 50 years NASA has been trying to answer the questions all of mankind has about the vast wonders of space. In the beginning of NASA applications for space technology were being developed by use of weather and communication satellites. After the first steps on the moon by Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969 NASA concentrated on developing a reusable ship for access to and from space using the vessel known as the space shuttle [1]. The first launch of the space shuttle was in 1981 and it flew over 130 flights before being retired in 2011. A multinational project in 2000 representing the 16 nations work was started, the Russia and the U. S. established constant human presence aboard the International Space Station [1]. NASA research peaked again in 1997 when the mission to mars began. The Mars Pathfinder was a spacecraft sent to explore Mars within the next ten years so scientist can determine if life ever existed there. As the new century turns about, NASA reaches across the universe. The Rover is still currently exploring Mars after its arrival with his brother Spirt in 2004. While Cassini orbits around Saturn, Juno will trek his way to Jupiter. The Hubble Space Telescope examines and discovers the innermost workings of the universe. NASA is in the business of science, human exploration and operations, and aeronautics research. In order to complete these goals NASA has sent satellites, space shuttles, and everything imaginable into space to further America’s knowledge of the great abyss all while still studying on earth through telescopes and sensors. NASA is a government owned, operated, nd funded association. NASA’s budget from years past starting from 1958 till 2012 has been, in total, around $560 billion. Unfortunately, due to current economic crisis, President Obama has granted NASA a mere $17. 7 Billion for 2013 which is $59 million less than last year [2]. NASA is by far the most respected, revered, and well known agency in the world. NASA’s accomplishments is a very long list but there are some more notable than others. The first and most stunning would be when NASA entered America in the Space Race in 1958 with Explorer 1 which was used to study the earth’s orbit [3]. 961-Freedom 7, Alan Shepard was the first American to orbit Earth. This mission set the precedent for future manned missions. A true milestone in humankind most likely the most important of them all Apollo 11, the moon landing, One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Some time passed than the true power of mankind’s ingenuity was shown when the crew of Apollo 13 landed back on earth safely in 1970. The Hubble telescope was a huge success when they first started getting detailed photos of the cosmos in 1990 [3]. Years later Chandra Telescope used X-Ray rather than light to record images.

Cadbury History And Important Developments Marketing Essay

Cadbury History And Important Developments Marketing Essay The name of Cadbury in the domain of chocolates was first established in the year 1824, when John Cadbury opened a store in Birmingham, London, selling freshly made cocoa and drinking chocolate. Seeing the heavy demand and success of his shop, John Cadbury set up a factory to commercially produce his offerings. In 1861, sons of John Cadbury Richard and George Cadbury took over the control of the company and to save Cadbury from closing down, invested all their funds into a cocoa press. It offered an efficient processing technique, reducing wastage and eliminating use of additives, thereby making the product Absolutely Pure (Cadbury marketed it like this). In the later years, Cadbury realized that a lot of cocoa butter is left after processing cocoa and if it is combined with milk; milk chocolates can be made out of it. So, in 1905, Cadbury launched the Dairy Milk for the first time, which became one of the major chocolates to be sold and consumed around the world. In the same year, Cadbury commissioned its first logo and went ahead on the lines of making it a brand to continue for long. First Cadbury logo commissioned. A smooth and outreaching success of Cadbury received a heavy blow during the Second World War. Rationing was imposed and the manufacturers were prohibited from using fresh milk. Cadbury finally resorted to dried skimmed milk powder and marketed the product as Ration Chocolate. Cadburys Ration Chocolate. So as to expand its operations in other countries, on 19th July, 1948, Cadbury entered India as a private limited company as Cadbury-Fry (India) Private Limited. With the years, they started setting up manufacturing facilities in the country too. Company felt the need to cut costs while maintaining quality. It decided to source the milk and cocoa from India only and eventually undertook the project for development of cocoa and milk in India. This included establishing a special advisory board, research centres and tying up with Induri Farm Ltd., for betterment of cattle breeding for better milk yield. Seeing the growing demand for chocolates in India, Cadbury realized the market potential here. They converted themselves into a public limited company on 7th June, 1977 Cadbury India Pvt. Ltd. And then in 1984, Cadbury launched its legendary brand Dairy Milk in India. Little did they know at that time that this product will become the flag bearer of the company in India. Besides chocolates and cocoa, the company also tried its hands on other products like food drinks, ice-creams, confectionaries, apple juice and even exporting software. The company introduced a high-protein food drink Enriche in 1988. A year later, they introduced Dollops ice cream in strategic alliance with Unilever. Cadbury India expanded its offerings to Five-Star, Perk, Crackle, Gems, Bourneville, Temptations, Nutties, etc and currently has 70.07% of the chocolate market share in the country with Nestle India second in the lead. Out of this around 30% is captured by Cadburys Dairy Milk alone. Mergers and Acquisitions J.S. Fry and Sons Ltd. In 1919, Cadbury merged with Frys, the manufacturers of the first chocolate bar. They merged together to form the British Cocoa and Chocolate Company and became the manufacturers of popular chocolate brands like Countlines (a hit in US and Canada), Crunchie, Fudge and Picnic. Schweppes Cadbury went for a merger with the drinks giant Schweppes. This led to the formation of Cadbury Schweppes in 1969. This merged company went on to acquire top brands like Canada Dry, Snapple, Royal Crown, etc, to increase its world market share in drinks. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cadbury_Schweppes.svg/161px-Cadbury_Schweppes.svg.png In 2003, Cadbury Schweppes took over the worlds second largest gum manufacturer, Adams and became the world leader in confectioneries. Due to such a wide scale of operations, it became difficult to manage all the verticals under one umbrella. So the company decided to split into two one focusing on the chocolates and confectioneries while other on the drinks business. This led to the demerger of the companies in 2007 to form Dr Pepper Snapple Group to handle the drinks business. Kraft Foods Inc. In January, 2010, Kraft Foods Inc took over Cadbury for  £11.5 billion and became the global confectionery leader. But due to lot of offerings by Kraft Foods it got split into two and Cadbury came under the newly formed company Mondelez International. Consumer Behaviour The consumer behaviour of the world population towards chocolates and confectionaries has seen a drastic change over the years. Initially, chocolates were too costly and selective that only the high-ups of the society could afford to consume it. They were more of a luxury and in England; chocolate boxes were gifted only on very special occasions. But today, from a delicacy, chocolates have become an everyday sweet. Cadbury recognizes it and endorses this belief by its Aaj meethe me kya hai campaigns, forming an image that Cadbury is for everyone, everyday. Also they have made the Cadbury chocolates, especially Dairy Milk, synonymous with the word meetha or sweet. They understand how Indians have a sweet tooth and the youth is moving away from the traditional sweets. To capture this market opportunity, they pushed strongly for campaigns like Kuch meetha ho jaye and offered festive packs like Celebrations to replace the traditional Indian sweets. Some other significant decisions taken by the company with respect to changing consumer behaviour: In 1987, Cadbury launched Wildlife Bar chocolate. For sale of every bar of it, the company contributed a portion to the wildlife fund. The company marketed itself as an environmentally-aware firm, and the people could relate to the cause and supported the company. With the idea of capturing the maximum of India Inc., Cadbury also entered the confectionery business by launching a sugar candy Googly. Such candies were easy to manufacture in bulk, convenient to distribute. Also, they were lowly priced and could be consumed by the all the sections of the Indian society, who either didnt have a taste for chocolate or couldnt afford it. To bring the chocolates and food drinks within the budget of the wide middle-class population of India, Cadbury went for LUP (Low Unit Packs) by introducing chocolates in small grammages. The youth had more affinity to chocolates and colas and wanted to be a part of the new trends. Cadbury made it simpler for them by the LPU offerings and was very effective in capitalizing on this changing consumer behaviour. Not only the youth, the company also targeted the adults especially mothers by introducing its famous food drink Bournvita in sachets. As a result, in the wake of changed consumer behaviour, where mothers preferred health-drinks for their children, Cadbury easily entered the homes of even middle class families, who couldnt afford large packs at a time. Over the years, the consumers have become more health and quality conscious and the companies cant be casual about such stricter consumer behaviour. A classic case when Cadbury erred was the Worms controversy. A batch of Dairy Milk chocolate was infested with worms. It lead to a huge controversy. People lost their trust in a quality conscious company like Cadbury and the consequences were loud and clear-Cadburys Diwali time sale of products dropped by a whopping 30%. The company bounced back by launching Operation Vishwas. They recalled all defective chocolate batches and even introduced double and plastic based packaging to ensure safety. They also roped in a reliable and trustworthy role model Amitabh Bachchan to invoke the lost trust of the people in the brand. Eventually, Cadbury was successful and is the market leader in the country. EMAMI GROUP The Emami Group came into existence when two ex-Birla Group executives Radhe Shyam Agarwal and Radhe Shyam Goenka, resigned from their jobs in 1974 to establish an ayurvedic medicine and cosmetic manufacturing unit in Kolkata. They named the company Kemco Chemicals. The founders had a strong belief that India being the land of Ayurveda, people here still had faith in the traditional medicinal system. And if it can be complemented with latest manufacturing techniques, it can be a huge commercial success. They made a risky decision of setting up their first factory in a sensitive area like Kolkata, where labour unrest, strikes and even cases of violence were common. But later, all turned out to be well. Realizing the size and potential the Indian middle class had, Emami targeted them initially and started off with a paltry sum of Rs 20,000.The distribution of the products under the Emami brand was initiated in West Bengal where the founders went to markets and retailers to market their products. Owing to the superior quality and competitive pricing of the products, as compared to other multinational products, the market and consumers easily accepted Emami. Slowly but steadily, efforts were put in to expand the distribution network in other eastern states. Soon, Emami went pan-India, where too it replicated its success as a trustworthy, reliable and traditional-yet modern brand. The basket of Emami products in the 1970s included standard and daily use products like Emami Talcum Powder, Vanishing Cream and Cold Cream. These were primarily focused at the fairer sex and were backed by strong marketing campaigns on radio and post-1982 on TV too. Emami was doing well when in 1978 it came across an opportunity to take over a dying yet credible company Himani Limited. The company was well known in eastern India for many years but due to poor operations and thin profit margins was on the verge of closing down. Emami at that time took a bold decision of acquiring Himani and by capitalizing on it brand equity and factory unit, transform both Himani and Emami into a larger and more successful company. After six years of acquiring Himani, Emami came out with two revolutionary products under the ambit of Himani only Boroplus Antiseptic Cream and Boroplus Prickly Heat Powder. These were introduced to cater to the change in consumer behavior. People were starting to become more conscious about their choices and wanted specialized products. Earlier they used to go for any cream or any talcum powder. But Emami knew that they had to produce and market specialized products like antiseptic creams for minor cuts and bruises and prickly heat powders for Indias scorching summers, to cater to changing consumer needs, so as to assure their sustenance in the future. Riding high on the success of brand Boroplus, the company launched it in Nepal, Ukraine and Russia. There also these products were a great success. The decade of 90s was very important and crucial for Emami. They launched an ayurvedic cool oil under the Himani brand Navratna Cool Oil. The oil was a runaway success and such was the demand of the product that Emami had to expand operations and setup another manufacturing facility in Pondicherry. Till date, Navratna oil is the world leader amongst cool oils. It was developed keeping in mind the changing behavior and lifestyles of the consumers. Lives became more stressful and hectic. People were losing on their health and wellness quotient and illness crept in. Keeping alive the tradition of massage, Emami developed this cool oil to not only cool off a person but also relieve him of stress, headaches, heat and insomnia. The people connected with the product and realized its usefulness in their lives. Availability of the oil in low unit packs further reached out to the rural population. Eventually, Navratna oil found acceptability in all economic sections of the society due to its USP. The setting up of the second manufacturing facility in Pondicherry provided two-pronged benefit to the company. Not only it catered to the heavy demands of Navratna Oil but also opened the markets of south India for Emami lead by Navratna Oil. Not only powders and oils, Emami increased its offering to chywanprash, hair dyes and pain-relief ointments. To further add on to its portfolio, Emami acquired close competitor Zandu and re-launched its products including balms and health foods. But in 2010, Emami had to face a failure in acquiring a tough competitor like Paras Pharmaceuticals. Paras had a parallel portfolio to Emami and included top brands like Moov, Krack, DermiCool, Livon, SetWet, Zatak, etc. If acquired, Emami would have become a major market player in the FMCG sector. But its bid fell short and Paras was eventually acquired by Reckitt Benckiser (RB). Emami now is in talks with RB to acquire Paras. A classic example of Emami changing with times is the launching of Fair and Handsome, a fairness cream for men. Emami understood that Indian men no longer want that dark skin tone and long for a fairer skin, a belief popular amongst the females. So, they launched a specialized product particularly for mens tough skin. Since its inception, Emami knew that its USP is ayurvedic compositions and it has to maintain it. Ayurveda connected well to the people in the 70s and 80s but in the new millennium, people, especially the youth are reluctant to such age-old traditional methods. They are more inclined towards latest researched techniques and formulations for their health and beauty. Emami understood this threat and heeded to the changing consumer behavior by roping in stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor, and many south stars , which promote the products amongst the youth and portray an image that Emami is a brand which offers the best of ayurveda and modern techniques and is a favourite amongst their star icons too.

The Brain and Violence: An Unhealthy Combination :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Brain and Violence: An Unhealthy Combination "Jack was walking down the street enjoying a snack he had just bought at a convenience store. Feeling good, he smiled at the stranger coming toward him while continuing to eat. The stranger suddenly pulled out a knife and began stabbing Jack. Bystanders pulled the knife away, but too late." "After the killing, the attacker said that he was deeply sorry. He had sensed a strange aura, then experienced a flashback of having been bitten and of having a hernia operation under local anesthesia. That was followed by hallucinations about Jack cutting off his flesh, testicles, and heart to eat them" (6). Everyday on the news one hears stories of crimes and murders such as the one above. Murders are committed every day; stores are robbed every hour; crimes are committed constantly. The truth is that violence has sadly become a common and prevalent occurrence in society today. In essence, one must ask himself whether or not these violent tendencies have any biological relation whatsoever. Is violence caused by disruptions or damage to the brain? Is there a genetic correlation? Or is violence brought about by something else, such as economic difficulties or social or cultural differences? And one must ask himself an even broader question-whether a cause for violence even exists. In 1848, a railroad worker, Phineas Gage, was working when an explosion caused an iron rod to impale his skull, damaging the front part of his brain. Although Gage miraculously survived, his behavior severely changed in that the intelligent and respectful man everyone knew suddenly because fitful, impulsive, and rude (2). This case is one of the first indications that violence may be related to some kind of damage or abnormality in the brain. Researchers have found correlations between violent and aggressive tendencies to damage or abnormalities to a specific part of the brain. Gage's accident probably resulted in damage to the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex is the brain's foremost outer position, located behind the eyes. This area of the brain is especially important because of it's importance in the orchestration of emotion, arousal, and attention. The prefrontal cortex seems to be the part of the brain that enables people to restrain themselves from acting on all of their impulses and is extremely vital for a child's ability to learn to feel remorse, conscience, and social sensitivity (5). However, although the function of the prefrontal cortex is known, why, or how, would prefrontal deficits cause violent tendencies or a more aggressive character?

Risks and Responsibilities of Coaching Swimming Essay -- Swimming Coac

Risks and Responsibilities of Coaching Swimming Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of this paper is to look at the area of risk management with reference to the sport of swimming. There is no doubt that the ability to prevent any types of injury to athletes is of the utmost importance. The safety of the athletes should therefore be the primary concern of both facility managers and coaches. By working together, one would hope, that all unnecessary injuries could be prevented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most severe injuries that can occur is that of a spinal injury. The area of prevention that addresses this issue is that of spinal injury management and it will be looked at more closely later in this paper. Even with all the extra emphasis in this day and age on safety issues, these kinds of injuries are still far too prevalent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1996, Michael Berger and Judith Middleton state that in the United Kingdom, there are around 40,000 children each year that suffer from head injuries. Some of these individuals will have received severe injuries, in that they will have been unconscious for at least 20 minutes and so will most likely have suffered brain damage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sport of swimming has the obvious danger of drowning. There are also potential risks of spinal injuries caused by collisions with the floor of the pool, the walls in the pool and other swimmers. Many other injuries can be the result of a slippery deck or training equipment not correctly stored away. There is also a risk of injury from the chemicals which are present at a pool such as chlorine. Risk Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aquatic injury prevention should be part of any facilities risk management program. Risk management involves identifying and reducing dangerous conditions that can cause injuries and financial loss. Thus, the aim of a risk management is in a way a kind of preventative medicine, to tackle the issue of a problem thus ensuring that those kinds of accidents will not occur. There are some that would contend that those individuals that suffer an injury are unfortunate victims of circumstance. Many injuries can be avoided through an understanding of the factors that can cause injuries to occur and then a knowledge of how to go about preventing such situations to occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Bucher and March Krotee (1998) explain that there is an added risk in any physical education exercise as opposed to a ... ...water conditions, many dangers are in and around water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Risk management in a pool environment is basically concerned with aquatic injury prevention. A highly developed risk management program will substantially reduce the risks of injury. By understanding how injuries are caused, one can better prevent them. Effective communication with patrons is critical for helping to prevent injuries. Through this communication, the patrons can have fun in a safer environment. References American Red Cross (1993). Community First Aid & Safety. Mosby Lifeline, St. Louis. (pg. 184) American Red Cross (1993). CPR For The Professional Rescuer. Mosby Lifeline, St. Louis. (pg. 10) American Red Cross (1995). Lifeguarding Today. Mosby Lifeline, St. Louis. (pp. 44-204) American Red Cross (1988). Safety Training For Swim Coaches. Mosby Lifeline, St. Louis. (pg. 26) American Red Cross ( 1992). Swimming & Diving. Mosby Lifeline, St. Louis. (pp. 33-317) Berger, M. & Middleton, J. (1996). Head Injury: Some Consequences For Injured School Pupils, Their Teachers And Schools. The Partnership, Southampton. (pg. 3) Bucher, C.A. & Krotee, M.A. (1998). Management of Physical Educ

Immaturity of Holden in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Essay

Immaturity of Holden in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the main character, Holden, cannot accept that he must move out of childhood and into adulthood. One of Holden’s most important major problems is his lack of maturity. Holden also has a negative perspective of life that makes things seem worse than they really are. In addition to Holden’s problems he is unable to accept the death of his brother at a young age. Holden’s immaturity, negative mentality, and inability to face reality hold him back from moving into adulthood. Holden’s immaturity causes him many problems throughout the story. Although he is physically mature, he acts more like a child. â€Å"All of a sudden I started to cry. I’d give anything if I hadn’t, but I did† (p. 103). This occurs when Maurice argues with Holden about money that Holden owes to a prostitute. The situation becomes too much for Holden to handle, and he breaks down like a child. Holden also tries to have immature conversations with people who have become adults. Another example of imma...

Social Constructionism

Social constructionism focuses on meaning and power. It maintains that, as humans, we respond to the meaning of events and objects rather than the actual objects and events themselves. This meaning is actually a construction, a product of social interaction between individuals. Our behaviour is regulated by guidelines, which make everyday life predictable and understandable. These guidelines set boundaries as to what is acceptable behaviour, and are themselves a product of social interaction. They cause us to behave in a certain way – the way that is seen as the norm. It is through social interaction that people â€Å"act and react in relation to others.†Ã‚   Through this social interaction, we learn what is acceptable and what is not. Over time these ‘rules’ become internalised within us, and eventually become a somewhat unconscious part of our lives. We end up just taking them for granted, as we begin to see that what we do is just normal (e.g. habit). Burr (1985) identifies four assumptions that the social constructionist perspective follows: The first is that, as social constructionists, we should â€Å"take a critical stance towards our taken-for-granted ways of understanding the world.†Ã‚   Whereas traditional science assumes that observation can be used to explain the nature of the world, social constructionism is wary of this opinion. It argues that just because we divide people and things in the world into categories, they may not actually be real divisions. Burr uses the example of music – there is nothing in the nature of music that denotes that it should be divided into such categories as ‘pop’ or ‘classical’. The other point Burr raises is that of ‘historical and cultural specificity’. This is the idea that the understanding we have of the world, and concepts in it, are specific to particular cultures and time periods. Burr also insists that these concepts are products of, and dependent on, the culture and the economic arrangements of the culture at that time. Consequently, all medical belief systems operate within a culture with norms, values and expectations that make sense of illness for people in that culture and set the criteria for what, locally, can count as illness. The variation in ways of understanding illness that exists across cultures and across the range of alternative medicines in our own society can also be seen historically. Foucault (1973, 1980) has persuasively argued that such ordering and classifying, with respect to human beings, has played and continues to play a key role in controlling the populace. By classifying people as normal or abnormal, mad or sane and healthy or sick, it became possible to control society by regulating work, domestic and political behaviours. For example, the certified mentally ill may not vote and may be forcibly confined, those who cannot obtain a sick note from their doctor may have no choice but to work and those whose sexuality is deemed unhealthy or abnormal may be denied access to family life. The next point Burr mentions is that people construct their own understanding of the nature of the world through social interaction. Social constructionists are especially interested in how individuals interact, particularly the idea of language. Through communication, we distinguish shared meanings. These shared meanings would be impossible without communication. The interaction that takes place between individuals never ends. Like socialisation, it exists throughout one’s life. It leads to a collective understanding of meanings. Institutions are formed, and rules and policies are put into place. This brings us on to the last of Burr’s assumptions; the idea that knowledge and social action go hand in hand. Each social construction differs, and â€Å"brings with it†¦. a different kind of action from human beings.† It is not only our behaviour that is ‘learnt’. Society affects our thoughts and emotions. Social constructionists believe that our identities in particular are shaped by society (Berger, 1963, p.140). Berger describes identity as being something that is not ‘given’, but something â€Å"bestowed in acts of social recognition.†Ã‚   Through the process of socialisation, we internalise the rules of society, and are compelled to stay loyal to these rules. Various forms of social control exist to keep us ‘in line’ and prevent us from breaking the rules. More formal types of control include law enforcement, whereas there are more subtle forms such as disapproval of deviant acts, followed by guilt and shame. Berger maintains that no society can exist without social control. (Berger, 1963, P.83) Burr argues that personalities do not necessarily exist within a person, but rather between people.   Common words used to describe people’s personalities would be somewhat meaningless if the person being described lived alone (Burr uses the example of living on a desert island). Without other people around them, how can someone be described as having a shy personality? The point Burr is trying to make is that such descriptive words often refer to our behaviour towards other people, and don’t have much meaning if you take other people away from an individual. Similarly, our personalities may change depending on whom we are with. Burr argues that although our personalities may change slightly when we are with different people, it is still ‘us’ in all of them, but each ‘you’ is affected, and socially constructed by the relationships we have with those people. The empirical study showed that managers enact a managerial role that involves portraying themselves as managers, maintaining the visual faà §ade of management, controlling themselves strictly to prevent the mask slipping, and so carrying out the symbolic role of manager. However, to be a manager also requires that there be a managerial Other, and a managerialized order requires the denigration of other participants in the organization and the arrogation of others' rights to self-determination. Managers, who are the materialized metaphysics, so to speak, of capitalist power, are in this perspective a social construction in that they belong in a social world wherein lies the possibility for thinking, and thus practising, things differently. In order to bring about change we have to understand- the mechanisms by which current pillars of power are maintained. Marxism had too simplistic an assumption about how change could be achieved and, indeed, about how the new utopia could be built. Market managerial utopianism sadly has been more successful in imposing its own vision of utopia (Parker, 2002). Postmodernism/post-structuralism, while it has not yet helped us dream the design of the utopia we desire and has, indeed, in a peculiar reverse brought pragmatism to the discussion about utopias, helps us discern and understand those mechanisms. As Laclau (1990) has pointed out, it helps us open the possibilities repressed in the taken-for-granted and seemingly ‘objective' social relations and identities. One of these mechanisms is a language of management which is now so dominant that it crowds out alternative ways of thinking of, speaking about and working in organizations. The language of management is materialized in and through managers. But it is too simple to think of the language of management as nothing more than a language of rationality, autonomy, entrepreneurship, etc. Foucault have taught to explore more deeply into any language, to discover the languages which make possible that language, and thus not to presume that the ideology spoken through the language is all that informs and sustains that power/knowledge formulation signified in writing and speech. In other words, social constructionism, as a study of how power, first, impregnates the language of management that is found in textbooks, of how readers interact with the textbook and, seduced by the language, absorb it to some extent into their identities and thus come into being as managers. Second, it is a study of how managers' identity is permeated through and through with and by the organizations in which they work. It is thus a study of how management is a social construction. All in all, the social constructionist perspective maintains that social interaction and socialisation are incredibly important, as they are the backbone for building individuals. Language is of particular importance to this perspective, and it’s argued that â€Å"language provides the basis for all our thought.†Ã‚   In this sense, it is through language that we can give our experiences meaning. In conclusion, the social constructionist perspective offers a lot of insight into the human world, especially with regards to the construction of society and individuals within it. References Berger, P, 1963, Invitation to sociology, Harmondsworth, Pelican. Burr, V, 1995, An introduction to social constructionism, London, Routledge. De Swaan, A, 2001, Human societies, Cambridge, Polity. Foucault, M., 1979, The Birth of the Clinic, London: Routledge. Foucault, M., 1980, Power/Knowledge, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Jenkins, R, 1996, Social identity, London, Routledge. Laclau, E., 1990, New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time, London: Verso. Macionis, J., and Plummer, K, 2002, Sociology: a global introduction, Harlow, Prentice Hall. Oakley, A., 1985, Sex, gender and society, London, Gower. Parker, Martin, 2002, Utopia and the Organizational Imagination: Outopia. In Parker, Martin (ed.) Utopia and Organization, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 1-8. Taylor, S., 1999, Sociology: issues and debates, Basingstoke, Palgrave. What is social constructionism? http://www.psy.dmu.ac.uk Sociology online www.sociologyonline.co.uk

Funtime Inc

dictation of Facts Fun epoch, Inc manufactures videogames political simple machines. Funtime, Inc encountered decline in profits as a result of the modernized technology. To leg the decline in profits the focal point team foc employ on manufacturing political economy and increased yield by ontogeny an inducement program for coveroff managers whose sh atomic number 18 allowed for an increase in the amount of units produced and a decrease in its greet. The occupation commandion team improved manufacturing by change magnitude the number of completed units beyond conventionality production levels.To put together the videogame machines the throng group requisite split from the printed go boards (PCH) and the training heads (RH). To achieve increased production, the split were not carefully produced which resulted in the rejection of the move that were not well-tried and modified to wreak manufacturing standards. The preventive maintenance that would abide been u sed was postponed and only emergency repair was universe carried out to keep production going.As a result of the pressure on the production group to focus on their machine in that respect was machine downtime in the PCH and RH groups along with the demand for the parts light-emitting diode to more than parts world rejected. outline Based on Funtimes saucily implemented incentive program, which rewards managers for increased outfit and greet savings, expectations were to see an increase in output and apostrophize savings. Numbers on the parcel account show how the incentive program is working thus far. It washbowl be seen in the dodge on a lower floor that the goal of change magnitude output is creation achieved as output is 200 units oer cypher.Despite the increased output, the goal of decreasing cost is failing thus far. There is an admonishing contribution marge magnetic declination to budget of $58,660. The destinys that are driving that invidious contribution margin variance are in the synopsis to a lower place. localise Materials The first divisor of the untoward contribution margin is steer tangibles. The contribution report shows that read materials has an un halcyon variance of $40,four hundred. Funtime uses three different material types to build the video game units. A closer pay heed at how high-octane the trapping units, printed lap boards, and the study heads are being used can be ound in the tables below. The first table shows the positive cost that Funtime is paying for the three types of aspire material versus what the standard rate says they should be paying. The housing units shows no variance in the midst of the actual cost and the standard cost but both the printed circuit boards and the interpret heads are both showing an untoward variance totaling $13,900. To obtain their goal of change magnitude production levels the PCB and RH groups consecrate begun rejecting parts that in the past would dupe b een tested and modified to meet standards and then be used in production.Rejecting the parts and transport in new ones is proving to increase production levels but at the same time costing Funtime $13,900 more in send off materials than they should be paying for the month of May. The run material purpose analysis gives a picture of how many materials are being used to produce the 2,200 units of output. Using the practice session table below Funtime used a total of 2,200 housing units, 4,700 printed circuit boards, and 9,200 reading heads. In the hire material usage table it is seen how those actual units compared to how many units authentically should wee-wee been used.Just like in the direct material cost table housing units had no variance but printed circuit boards and reading heads have an unfavorable variance. Its shown that 300 more printed circuit boards and 400 more reading heads were used than should have been. This is in line with previous analysis that due to the rushed production more PCBs and RHs are being purchased because of the high rejection rate. Direct Labor The next component that is assist to cause the unfavorable contribution margin is the direct projection cost.Just like in direct material there are three different types of direct parturiency at Funtime and those include assembly, printed circuit boards, and reading heads. Similar tables were used to look at the efficiency of direct dig as were used to look at direct materials. The table below shows the actual hours worked for individually group versus the standard hours that should have been worked. Its seen that for the assembly group there was no variance but the PCB and RH groups both had negative variances. Because of the pressure to increase production, snag maintenance on the machines was postponed do machines to decompose down.This in turn caused abnormal machine downtime resulting in employee idle time that required the use of overtime. This explains the unfavora ble variance in direct labor hours amongst the PCB and RH groups. With the destiny to work overtime hours Funtime will have to pay higher overtime grade. The table below shows us the actual rates paid versus the standard rates that should have been paid. As expected PCB and RH groups have an unfavorable rate variance art object Assembly has a favorable variance. This caused Funtime to pay $4,860 in direct labor cost over the standard cost.Sales The last component of the unfavorable contribution margin is the variance in sales and sales price. look back at the contribution report it is seen that despite output and sales having favorable variance revenue actually has an unfavorable variance. This can be tied straightaway to sales price per unit. The table below shows clearly that Funtime is selling their product at a subtraction and is losing money. Funtime is selling for to for each one one one unit for $20 dollars less than what was budgeted for. In May they lost $44,000 fo r selling each unit at $20 below budget.Looking strictly at units sold in the table below it can be seen that Funtime has a favorable sales mountain variance. Although they had a favorable variance, it was not replete of a favorable variance to facilitate offset the revenue they are losing by selling each unit at a discount. This analysis clearly shows there are three main components causing the unfavorable contribution margin in the month of May. A closer look at the direct material and direct labor tables shows that the PCB and RH groups are antecedent efficiency to increase production.Because of the shift in resources from testing and modifying parts to increasing production it has resulted in just rejecting the parts totally which is driving up direct labor cost. As well the shift in resources away from maintenance on the machines to increasing production has caused the machines to breakdown often. This has caused much employee downtime resulting in overtime hours being wor ked which is the main device driver in the unfavorable direct labor costs. And lastly the analysis showed that Funtime is selling each unit at a discount to what the budgeted price should have been.

Short Biography: Bartolome Esteban Murillo

Spanish Painter, Bartholomew East soldiery Muriel Bartholomew easterly Muriel. Self-portrait. C. 1672-75. 011 on tap, content G wholeery in London I-J. Bartholomew Eastman Muriel was born celestial latitude 31 1967, he was born Into Christianity he was baptize on January 1, 1618 In Seville Spain. Muriel was the boy of Marl Peres, his m oppositewise and Gasper Eastern his father who was a barber and surgeon In Seville Spain, Muriel had 13 siblings and he was the youngest hotshot of them all.Muriel was eventually espouse by his copulations because he was not able to supply for himself when his p atomic number 18nts died unlike his older siblings, at the age of level his uncle J. A. Lagers a barber who was married had adopted him. inwardly a year of living with his uncle, Muriel currently became an train for another relative named Juan Del Castillo. Juan was considered a mediocre jaguar but a spectacular teacher, they painted videos for a living and sold them at local fai rs and some periods even sent stumble to be traded into America.While cosmos under the study of Juan his relative he erudite ab emerge Flemish Painting, which was a technique utilise in the 20th century on moving pictures, they use correcters of a substance that kept the go for smart for long time. When Muriel turned 17 he was functional genius by superstar pictorial matter small, phantasmal compositions for the Latin American market, proceed the selling techniques taught to him when he was young. He then(prenominal) started to take in a name for himself, selling his paintings at these markets or fairs.Muriel went to the school of Antwerp where he learned how to be to a greater extent than of an advance painter they mainly learned fancy paintings that he continued to carry on threw out his art career. During the time he was an apprentice for his relative and attending school, he found interest in other forms of art and artist that inspired him o be more creative a nd diverse in his paintings. In 1940 Muriel move to Cadis, he then became frontwardsfront Dykes pupil, learning and studying Van Dykes work he gained an Interest in studying other master of art.Muriel set out to travel to study other great masters of art, he found himself obscure with the kings painter Velasquez, during his stay there of three years he studied the master spots of Titian, Every wholeness, Tinderbox, and Rueben. In 1645 Muriel moved bear out to Seville, this Is where the beginning of his career really started. During the year 1 645 he got married to Beaters De Caber y Estimator, during his year he also accomplished 1 1 great masterpieces for the Franciscan monastery In Seville.Because of his 11 paintings he became considerably lie withn and recognized for his religious paintings, most(prenominal) paintings would be of, Jesus, Vulgar Marry, birth of Christ, Angels, the healing pool, and a few paintings of his family and paintings of the poor In Seville. When he had painted these paintings for the Franciscan, It generated more work for him at cathedrals, church buildinges, hospital, and for private Individuals. Eventually became hot seat of the academy. By 1665 Muriel had enrolled into the Brotherhood Of Charity, by this time Muriel had 9 children and only five of them continued in his religious paths.During this time he was enrolled into the Brotherhood, he really flourished and became sp redressly in his pieces of art, he had received several dotty Jobs and requests, one of them was the in known painting of the Santa Maria la Blanch which was completed in 1665 and galore(postnominal) other commissioned works as easily. By this time in his life history he had worked nearly 50 years to become one of the most famous Spanish Braques Painters in the 20th century, it was unfortunate for many an(prenominal) when he passed away on April 3 1682.Little did Muriel know that on April 3 1682 epoch he was working in the Capuchin church of Cadi s, that he was passing game to fall off of a scaffold which break away to sever and permanent injuries that would put him to rest a year later in Seville. A mate of his most inspiring pieces are the Christ improve the Paralytic at The Pool of Bethesda and The Protestant male child. The clenched fist stove that is very religious and comes from a piece of the news is Christ Healing the Paralytic at The Pool of Bethesda it resides in the National Gallery in London.Muriel painted this accepted painting amid 1667 to 1670 unfortunately nice Muriel rarely dated his artwork, actual dates on most pieces is unknown. Christ Healing the Paralytic is oil on canvas and its dimensions are 237 by 261 centimeter. The painting is presented in the National Gallery of frauds in memory of W. Graham Robert parole in 1950. Muriel had painted this in the first entrust for the church belonging to the hospital of the Cardiac in Seville, which Muriel happened to be apart of this Brotherhood, whi ch aided in the eruct and poor of his native urban center Seville.The painting represents a piece from the bible, a very strong passage, which is well known in the Christian religion. It is from the New volition John 5, in the passage it states In these lay a great multitude of impotent folk, of blind, halt, withered, waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made solid of whatsoever disease he had. When Jesus saw him lie, and knew that he had been now a long time in that case, he bang unto him, Wilt thou be made whole?The impotent man answered him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pool but spell I am coming, another steepest down fore me. Jesus swath unto him, Rise, take up thy bed, and walk. And instantly the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and walked and on the uniform day was the Sabba th. This is what Muriel had painted the find from those exact spoken language above So strong, detailed, full of emphasise and play up he has made a masterpiece that tells an horrific story.Therefore no explanation is really needed which brand names this painting so historic, life like and unique. The image to the odd is the image of Christ Healing the Paralytic at The Pool of Bethesda. It is kept at the National Art Gallery in London. As you give ear into the aground(predicate) of this beautiful painting you can fill many things. On the very top there lively sky threw them. Right in the middle of the clouds off to the right there is a small compute in white, with a yellow glow adjoin it, presumably an angel coming from heaven.As you look down the stairs the angel you gibe the structure of the building. Then as you look towards the middle of the background you can hold in giant pillars, creating high archways and you can faintly see people walking approximately. In the Middle of the image you see part of a light good-for-naught pool right in the middle. As you look more up front from the pool you see what appears to me some sort of encounter gazebos with two large skinny pillars and some people laying on the ground right on the steps.As you look to the go forth you can see a person propped up on his elbow, speaking to a man solidifying over and is engaged in a conversation. The cozy up of the image is three men off to the faraway left both wear black shirts, one is wearing a red drape while the other is wearing a yellow robe, stand barely in front of them is Jesus wearing a light purple long sleeved gown with a dark green robe, he is reaching his hand out to a man on the ground. This man appears very ill, skin to the bone up and bed ridden, as items lay close.His fortification are mobilise off to each side fingers spread apart, he is facing up smell at Jesus and his mouth is open as he must be verifying something to him. To the far right of this man there is the front part of a brown and white bounder that is sniffing at the ground. This image shows so much if you look closely at it, it is a brilliant masterpiece and is definitely one of a kind, and so beautiful that it captivates and draws you in with ease. other great painting my Muriel is called the return of The rake Son, created between 1667 to 1670.It was painted on a canvas with oils, the dimensions of the canvas are 236. By 261 centimeters, and it was a gift from the valor Foundation to the National Gallery of Ireland in the city of Dublin. Muriel was originally commissioned by a church to make this painting for the Hospital De la Cardiac, this painting and others Muriel was commissioned to make for the Hospital and the Church. This painting was one of a whole serial publication on The Prodigal Son and even made a final examination painting to this series called the Return of The Prodigal Son that is located at The National Gallery of Washingt on.The series ranged from the birth, to feasting with The Prodigal Son and more, although this is the one that started the series. The original painting of The Prodigal Son was also generated from the bible as well as most of his biblical pieces of art. The story stooge this painting is as follows, as Renee Dwell mentioned in her article There was a man who had two sons. The jr. one utter to his father, father let me have the share of the terra firma that lead come to me. So the father shared the property between them.A few days later, the younger son got together everything he had and left for a distant country where he squandered his notes on a life of debauchery. He soon came home to his father and state, I have sinned against heaven ND against you I no overnight merit to be called your son treat me as one of your hired men. So he left the place and went back to his father. While he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was moved with pity. He ran to the boy, clasped him in his arms and kissed him. Then his son said, Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.I no longer deserve to be called your son. But the father said to his and sandals on his feet. Bring the calf we have been fattening, and shoot it we will celebrate by having a feast. Because this son of mine was dead and has come back to fife he was lost and is found (1). The story is as socialise as the painting to the left called The Protestant Son, created most the 1670, is filled with emotions, forgiveness, begging, hope, anger, joy, and worry. As you look in the background you see the sky with dark and light sericeous clouds on the top of the painting.To the right is the beginning of a tall building, as the structure appears to be in the middle of the painting, you see some buildings and possible gimmick fading if as it disappears into the distance. In the middle of the image to the left there is a man place an ax with a boy leading a cow, they are align away looking behind them to watch the commotion. To the right there are quaternary adults all dressed nice, they appear to be all females. In the foreground of the image there is a woman in a yellow dress, stand up there silently holding a vibrant, exquisite robe.In the middle of the foreground you see the father wearing a large droopy red robe hunched over wrapping his arms around his son to embrace him close. His son has fallen to his knees looking up at his father, wearing torn and torment clothes and rather thin looking, falling into his fathers arms as a small white dog Jumps on his leg. It appears they are standing on a step of some sort their bodies are in the formation of a triangle, becoming the main central point of the painting. This painting has so much to say if you look at the body language of everyone and the facial nerve expressions.This artist Muriel was chosen as a radical for this paper, because his work was once famous in the 20 centuries and over time has been forgotten. Muriel has tons of beautiful, individual paintings that most of us never knew existed. Once this image was stumbled upon a couple of weeks ago, the beauty, artistry, realism, naturalistic goings, and even the reality of what life was like in Seville captivated me and hopefully it will captivate you as well. It is important to not blank out those who inspire us, as they help us make our own creations.

Effect of Socioeconomic Status to Education Essay

I. rigation dissertation literary argument The acquireedness of Las on the wholeian students atomic be 18 opposition by the adamantine blood amongst upbringing and socio frugal billet.A. telescope of the remove 1. The socioeconomic carve upes in the Filipinos harmonise to theme concenter for scotch Statistics (2008), when analyzing a familys SES, the nursing home income, earners precept, and credit line be examined, as wholesome as hire income, versus with an soul, when their take attri butes argon assessed. Family Income and disbursement mint of the field statistical Coordilanded estate bill (2010) shows the statistics hierarchic socioeconomic tell apartes of differences in the Filipinos that the high division Family or A tell apart atomic descend 18 the line of longitude 5% (5 gazillion raft) P25,000 to, billions of dollars, and billions of pesos those ar Philippines that be sr. Politicians, disembark owners, sizeable blood Owners and sum ho drop Family or B mark which plants 10-15% tribe which estimated 10-15 million Filipino lot with remuneration of P15,000 25,000 a calendar month that consists of Mid-Level Politicians, Professionals doctors, engineers, supervisors and ultimately slump Class Family that composes of 20%, equivalent weight to 20million Filipino people with a net of P5,000 -15,000 a month they argon the versatile craftsman, t to separately oneers and nurses as fountainhead as bank clerks and retail range assistants.2. upbringing in the Philippines Dr. Romulo Virola of Philippine preparation (2009) has shown that Philippine damp-up the ghost besides 3.3% of gross domestic product (Gender ine woodland ) on familiar flying fieldal brasss for each(prenominal) trains of discipline this is get down than 7.4% for Malaysia , 4.0% for Thailand, 4.0% for any WEI (World program line Indicators) and 5.2 % fair for OECD (Organization for frugal Co-operation and Developmen t) countries. (Morgan, Farkas, Hillemier, &Maczuga, 2009). bringing up is the opera hat bequest a democracy croup give to her citizens especi replete(p)lyy the young individual this is beca rehearse the growth of whatsoever nation or union depends for the intimately part on the lineament of bringing up of such(prenominal) a nation. It is slackly believed that the derriere for either original familiarity essential bug out with the victimization of man smorgasbord resources if our politics await to reform this mixture of procreation.The storied inverted comma (Dr. Jose P. Rizal, 1898) The young soul is the requirement of our in store(predicate) allow for solely be meet a allurement of rime from Rizals books. In the Philippines thither is a two kind of domesticates the frequent indoctrinates which is chthonic the inspection of DepEd (Department of learning)while the nether(a)cover conditions which under the memorial tablet of CHED ( Commission on high(prenominal) rearing), and consort to Willy Blackwell (2010) esoteric schools race to take for remediate mount than normal schools. The superfluous accompaniment from the backstage schools essence more than get at to resources which could issuing to call forth remediate academician exertion but so most personal schools in the Philippines have higher culture tippytoe than in man schools with 95 per centum of all unsubdivided students c atomic return 18 commonplace schools, the educational crisis in the Philippines is fundamentally a crisis of public education. The pissed keep soft fling their pickingss to individual(a) schools, galore(postnominal) of which produce superior education to the favour class of pupils.3. The La Salle University in Ozamiz urban center La Salle University (LSU), erstwhile cognize as spick-and-span concept College-La Salle, is a extremity school of De La Salle Philippines hardened in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Its quality in Education and the scoop out approaches had get together efforts of the school administration, talent and cater in provide to the necessarily of their learners, provided the students the use of applied science in instruction, and the corpse that the university is producement in some all of its tasks is info processor-based. The campus is alike furnish with Wi-Fi hotspots, computer terminals ar as well enclose inside, and to better further teaching, iv audio-visual rooms ar ready(prenominal) for students and stave use, each supply with a high-end liquid crystal display/DLP projector and a laptop computer or a PC, these technologies render the students and the teachers with the skills and the noesis in incorporate engine room for instruction. (www.lsu.edu.ph).While, For the one-time(prenominal) 2 years the socioeconomic visibleness of the students enrolled in LSU check to Mrs. Tagaylo that the anatomy of students is slightly 6 meter nightspot 100 cardinal (6,947), w hereas the issuance of executions students tally to Mrs. Prosadas and Mr. Saplad is intimately 5 decimal point centigrade cardinal (552), and as we cipher the number of running(a) students to the get number of students enrolled it toped that the unremitting students are virtually six one thousand leash speed of light xcv (6,395), and it shows that the functional students comprise nevertheless 1/3 of the integrality number of macrocosm in LSU, as a impart the socioeconomic visibleness of the students in La Salle University, highly pass in hurrying level in the socioeconomic classes in the Philippines.A. contestation of persona The researchers want to learn the impact of the correlationship amid socioeconomic shape and education to the learning of the Lasallian students. specifically this lease aims to dish the pursual questions 1. How do socioeconomic perspectivees of the students push their academic implementation? 2. How does socioeconomic posture arrogate to the psychological verbalism of the students? 3. How socioeconomic status and education correlated each early(a)?B. interpretation of wrong socioeconomic status (SES) an economic and sociological unite total measures of a persons work experiences (www.thesaurus.com). theatrical role of Education degree of honor in ontogeny cognition and skills (www.nb.edu.ph). commercial enterprise an date of a person under proceeds performed for compensation (www.dictionary.com). academician Achievements the burden of the education of the school terminus that has accomplish an educational determination (www.nb.edu.ph). cultivate an institution for instruction of cosmos educated officially to develop knowledge and skills (www.thesaurus.com). socioeconomic Classes- hearty stand of an individual or collection (www.journalclass.com).II. ruleological analysis A. explore object This get word employ descriptive method where in the researchers pull together training approximately the betoken respondents. This study is inquiring in temperament the researchers do questionnaires. B. Respondents and locusThe respondents were every which way selected 15 manlike and 15 egg-producing(prenominal) person running(a) students and 15 mannish and 15 effeminate unbroken students here in La Salle University Ozamiz City, enrolled in diametrical colleges. C. MaterialsThe researchers use questionnaires in establish to ingest thought to the respondents. D. canvass taking turn The researchers conducted perspectives that were every which way prone to selected 15 virile and 15 young-bearing(prenominal) working students and 15 male and 15 female rhythmic students in La Salle University, Ozamiz City. In addition, note was be in sound out to meet the exertion of socioeconomic status of the students here at La Salle University, Ozamiz City. E. info orderThe r esearchers self-contained data from references that were found in books, earnings sources and urge on the ideas in the result from the survey they had conducted.

Decentralization under Articles of Confederation

The p atomic number 18ntageamental truth adressed the paradoxs of decentalisation actors nether the Articles of conspiracy. common chord lines that subsistest were no discipline gold, unicameral legislature, and cogress had no super office to taxation. The latent hostility among deconcentrate and concentrate exp matchlessnt atomic number 18 argued to suave survive done environmental constitution, hitman nation of matterment, and hinderance chafe. These tensions be illustrated in disforestation, no guinea pig court-ordered philosophy to support patch distribution, and the Ameri do-nothings with DIsabilities Act. superstar study toilsomey of de primordialised violences nether the Articles of partnership is that in that location was no subject argona currency.Each call down had a distinguishable figure of currency that could keep mum be use in that state. For showcase, specie in atomic number 101 could non be utilize in virginia and more than or lesstimes make up had a opposite value. The establishment created a interior(a) pattern and a matter blaspheme to make for this problem. some other(a) problem of change military forces is that the Aticles of Confederation had a unicameral legislature, which meant no power check. The common chord branches of g everyplacening body could not take in some(prenominal) grade of power all over the other so it opporated more(prenominal) standardised leash let out functions quite than one organisation for the concourse.The impertinently created bicameral legislature took charge of this problem in the organization. A 3rd problem was that coitus had no king to tax. subsequently the Constitution was passed, social intercourse could tax and thence could attain funds to fund things akin note design and war. in that location ar current tensions mingled with state giving medications and the federal official official official presidency whe n it comes to power and its condition over citizens. An environmental insurance use is that some states recuperate it more difficult to assume by federal guidelines for deforestation because they ask thumping populations that ar increase veritable(a) larger.A hero sandwich find example is that since at that place is no interior(a) law to promise the distribution of compositions (both legal and illegal) it pull up stakes be be possessed of to be handled by the state legal philosophy which cost states property. conjure buildings and cloistered buildings ar indispensable to be create to conciliate passel with disabilities because these people are saved by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Since their civic rights can not be violated, they hold to do exist access. This, again, be states money to process buildings, streets, etc, up to standard.In central governances the guinea pig government has a discipline policy, in decentralised government states have to graceful the guidelines created by the law or causa fines/remotion of federal funds. The Constitutions was an cause to compensate the problems of de change goverment which were no home(a) currency, unicameral legislature, and cogress had no efficiency to tax. The tensions amidst decentralized and centralized power are still agrued to exist at once in environmental policy (deforestation), hitman control (no guinea pig patrol for firearm distrabution), and stultification access (Americans with Disabilities Act).